This test analyzes the MEN1 gene, which is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). MEN1 is a cancer predisposition condition that causes an increased risk of developing neuroendocrine tumors of the parathyroid, anterior pituitary, and pancreas.
Genetic testing of this gene may confirm a diagnosis and help guide treatment and management decisions. Identification of a disease-causing variant would also guide testing and diagnosis of at-risk relatives. This test is specifically designed for heritable germline mutations and is not appropriate for the detection of somatic mutations in tumor tissue.
MEN1
MEN1 can also be ordered as part of a broader panel to test for different types of hereditary cancer, including colon cancer. Depending on the individual’s clinical and family history, one of these broader panels may be appropriate. Any of these broader panels can be ordered for no additional charge.
MEN1 syndrome is associated with a high risk of developing tumors of the endocrine system, primarily in the parathyroid gland, anterior pituitary, adrenal gland and pancreas. Other tumors may also occur, including gastrinomas and carcinoid tumors. Symptoms of MEN1 usually begin in adulthood, with parathyroid disease manifesting by age of 50 in nearly all affected individuals. Symptoms can vary significantly among family members, and affected individuals may present with different tumor types or symptoms. Other non-endocrine tumors may also be present, including benign thyroid lesions (such as goiter), skin tumors (angiofibromas) and lipomas (benign fatty tissue tumors).
Lifetime cancer risks in individuals with MEN1 are very high: Parathyroid tumors develop in nearly all affected individuals by age 50 and are the first manifesting feature in 90% of cases.
Tumor type | Tumor/cancer risk |
---|---|
Parathyroid | Nearly 100% |
Anterior pituitary | 10%-55% |
Pancreatic islet cell | 30%-70% |
Thyroid (including goiter) | 25% |
Adrenocortical carcinoma | 1%-13% |
Carcinoid (thymic, bronchial, gastric) | 10% |
Meningioma | 8% |
Genetic testing identifies pathogenic variants in approximately 80%-90% of individuals who meet clinical diagnostic criteria for MEN1 and have a family history of MEN1-related tumors. A pathogenic variant is found in 65% of cases of individuals who meet diagnostic criteria but have no family history.
MEN1 is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Most cases are inherited, but approximately 10% occur as the result of a spontaneous de novo mutation.
Testing for MEN1 may be considered for individuals with a personal and/or family history of features, including:
Clinical practice guidelines for MEN1 have been proposed:
Invitae is a College of American Pathologists (CAP)-accredited and Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified clinical diagnostic laboratory performing full-gene sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis using next-generation sequencing technology (NGS).
Our sequence analysis covers clinically important regions of each gene, including coding exons, +/- 10 base pairs of adjacent intronic sequence in the transcript listed below. In addition, analysis covers the select non-coding variants specifically defined in the table below. Any variants that fall outside these regions are not analyzed. Any specific limitations in the analysis of these genes are also listed in the table below.
Our analysis detects most intragenic deletions and duplications at single exon resolution. However, in rare situations, single-exon copy number events may not be analyzed due to inherent sequence properties or isolated reduction in data quality. If you are requesting the detection of a specific single-exon copy number variation, please contact Client Services before placing your order.
Gene | Transcript reference | Sequencing analysis | Deletion/Duplication analysis |
---|---|---|---|
MEN1 | NM_130799.2 |